Solar irradiance variability models supplement the measurement record by extrapolating the observations to broader spectral range and longer time periods than directly observed. Version 1 of the NASA-NOAA-LASP (NNL) solar irradiance variability models are observation-based models that prescribe change in TSI and SSI based on change in solar magnetic activity features called faculae, that enhance solar irradiance at most wavelengths, and sunspots that reduce solar irradiance.
In this presentation, I provide the observational advances that have informed the new and enhanced capabilities of the NNL models. Special focus is placed on solar irradiance observations made by the Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS-1) and other LASP developments, a sunspot darkening index derived from National Solar Observatory (NSO) Global Observing Oscillation Network (GONG) white light images, and a facular brightening index from Magnesium II (Mg II) core-to-wing measurements by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) and other satellite instruments. Throughout the presentation, I showcase where new or continued observations, analysis methods, and research studies can further improve the specification of solar irradiance variability.
The Physics Frontiers Centers (PFC) program supports university-based centers and institutes where the collective efforts of a larger group of individuals can enable transformational advances in the most promising research areas. The program is designed to foster major breakthroughs at the intellectual frontiers of physics by providing needed resources such as combinations of talents, skills, disciplines, and/or specialized infrastructure, not usually available to individual investigators or small groups, in an environment in which the collective efforts of the larger group can be shown to be seminal to promoting significant progress in the science and the education of students. PFCs also include creative, substantive activities aimed at enhancing education, broadening participation of traditionally underrepresented groups, and outreach to the scientific community and general public.