@article{11970,
  author = {K. Smith and E. Nowadnick and S. Fan and O. Khatib and S. Lim and B. Gao and N. Harms and S. Neal and J. Kirkland and M. Martin and C. Won and Markus Raschke and S.-W. Cheong and C. Fennie and G. Carr and Hans Bechtel and J. Musfeldt},
  title = {Infrared nano-spectroscopy of ferroelastic domain walls in hybrid improper ferroelectric Ca_3 Ti_2 O_7},
  abstract = {Ferroic materials are well known to exhibit heterogeneity in the form of domain walls. Understanding the properties of these boundaries is crucial for controlling functionality with external stimuli and for realizing their potential for ultra-low power memory and logic devices as well as novel computing architectures. In this work, we employ synchrotron-based near-field infrared nano-spectroscopy to reveal the vibrational properties of ferroelastic (90<sup>o</sup> ferroelectric) domain walls in the hybrid improper ferroelectric Ca<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. By locally mapping the Ti-O stretching and Ti-O-Ti bending modes, we reveal how structural order parameters rotate across a wall. Thus, we link observed near-field amplitude changes to underlying structural modulations and test ferroelectric switching models against real space measurements of local structure. This initiative opens the door to broadband infrared nano-imaging of heterogeneity in ferroics.},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Nature Communications},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {5235},
  month = {2019-11},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-13066-9$\#$Abs1},
  doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-13066-9},
}